🔹 Ohm’s Law Variables Explained

• V (Voltage, volts)
  – The electrical “pressure” pushing current through a circuit.
  – In HVAC, you’ll see 24 V control circuits and 120–240 V line voltage circuits.

• I (Current, amps)
  – The flow of electricity through the circuit.
  – Higher current = more load on wires, motors, and components.
  – Measured with a clamp meter or inline probes.

• R (Resistance, ohms)
  – The opposition to current flow.
  – In HVAC, resistance shows up in motor windings, heating elements, and wiring.
  – High resistance = poor connections, weak windings, or undersized wire.

• P (Power, watts)
  – The actual work being done (heat, rotation, light, etc.).
  – Power is what you pay for on the electric bill.
  – Motors and heaters are usually rated in watts or kilowatts (kW).